{"openapi":"3.1.0","info":{"title":"PVGIS Web API","summary":"\nPVGIS offers open-access insights on:\n- solar radiation ☀\n- and location-specific estimates of:\n    - photovoltaic performance 📈,\n    - for various technologies 🔌🔋\n","description":"\n\n### Spatial and Temporal Coverage\n\nThe PVGIS web API is limited to:\n\n- **Time period**: 2014 - 2025\n- **Spatial coverage**: 🌍 Global land, plus 25 km into the sea from the coastline.\n\nSee the map below for spatial coverage, or open the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map).\n\n<iframe src=\"./coverage/map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" style=\"border:none;border-radius:12px;\"></iframe>\n\n### Information\n\nThe **PVGIS web API** is a public service supported by the [Joint Research Centre (JRC)](https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en) European Commission 🇪🇺.\nFor detailed information and structured content, please refer to the [PVGIS Documentation](https://pvgis.pages.code.europa.eu/pvgis/web_api/).\n\n\n### Limitations\n\n<span style=\"color:red\"> <ins>**This Application is actively under development**</ins></span>. Expect changes and improvements.\n","termsOfService":"https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/pvgis-background-information/data-protection_en","contact":{"name":"PVGIS, Joint Research Centre, European Commission","url":"https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/pvgis-background-information/pvgis-contact-points_en","email":"JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu"},"license":{"name":"EUPL-1.2","url":"https://spdx.org/licenses/EUPL-1.2.html"},"version":"6","x-logo":{"url":"/api/assets/eu_logo.png","altText":"PVGIS 6 logo"}},"paths":{"/coverage/map":{"get":{"tags":["Coverage"],"summary":"Get the PVGIS coverage map","description":"Interactive coverage map with `SARAH-3` (green) and `ERA5LandPlus` (red) layers,\nenhanced coordinate viewer, and dynamic cursor (crosshair hover, pointer on click).\n\n![PVGIS Coverage Map Viewer Snapshot](../assets/coverage_map_viewer_snapshot.png)","operationId":"coverage-map","responses":{"200":{"description":"✅ **Successful execution**. The response contains the coverage map.","content":{"text/html":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"html"},"example":"<html><body><h1>PVGIS Coverage Map Viewer</h1></body></html>"}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/coverage/layers":{"get":{"tags":["Coverage"],"summary":"Get all available coverage layers","description":"Return all PVGIS' coverage layers as GeoJSON.","operationId":"get-available-coverage-layers","responses":{"200":{"description":"✅ **Successful execution**. The response contains the available coverage layers.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/CoverageLayersResponseModel","additionalProperties":{"properties":{"type":{"type":"string","example":"FeatureCollection"},"features":{"items":{"properties":{"id":{"type":"string"},"type":{"type":"string","example":"Feature"},"properties":{"type":"object"},"geometry":{"properties":{"type":{"type":"string","example":"MultiPolygon"},"coordinates":{"type":"array"}},"type":"object"}},"type":"object"},"type":"array"}},"type":"object"},"type":"object"},"example":{"sarah3_coverage_layer":{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"id":"0","type":"Feature","properties":{"fid":1},"geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[50.6,-46.5],[50.6,-46.52502],[50.5956,-46.52891],[50.58113,-46.53948],[50.57863,-46.54115],[50.56243,-46.55094],[50.54493,-46.55961],[50.5263,-46.56709],[50.50671,-46.57331],[50.48635,-46.5782],[50.4654,-46.58173],[50.44405,-46.58386],[50.4225,-46.58457],[50.41833,-46.58457],[50.39679,-46.58386],[50.37544,-46.58173],[50.35448,-46.5782],[50.33412,-46.57331],[50.32323,-46.56985],[50.30489,-46.56534],[50.28497,-46.55886],[50.26606,-46.55107],[50.24836,-46.54204],[50.23203,-46.53186],[50.21723,-46.52062],[50.2041,-46.50844],[50.19277,-46.49543],[50.19061,-46.49228],[50.18827,-46.48946],[50.17955,-46.47618],[50.17269,-46.46238],[50.16774,-46.44819],[50.16623,-46.44087],[50.16517,-46.43652],[50.16495,-46.43594],[50.16156,-46.42055],[50.16042,-46.405],[50.16042,-46.40167],[50.1615,-46.38648],[50.16474,-46.37144],[50.17009,-46.35669],[50.17752,-46.34237],[50.18694,-46.32861],[50.19827,-46.31556],[50.2114,-46.30333],[50.21225,-46.30268],[50.21026,-46.30248],[50.18923,-46.29891],[50.16879,-46.29395],[50.14914,-46.28765],[50.13045,-46.28007],[50.11607,-46.27287],[50.10099,-46.26842],[50.09849,-46.26759],[50.08102,-46.2611],[50.06444,-46.25358],[50.06277,-46.25275],[50.04303,-46.24167],[50.02523,-46.22912],[50.02497,-46.2289],[50.0194,-46.22497],[50.01431,-46.22046],[50.00774,-46.21583],[49.9921,-46.20196],[49.99122,-46.20108],[49.98378,-46.19448],[49.98294,-46.19365],[49.97098,-46.18031],[49.96101,-46.1662],[49.9595,-46.16335],[49.95918,-46.16289],[49.95701,-46.15869],[49.95316,-46.15146],[49.95285,-46.15064],[49.95176,-46.14852],[49.9464,-46.1337],[49.94317,-46.11859],[49.94311,-46.11778],[49.9415,-46.11026],[49.94042,-46.095],[50.62376,-46.5],[50.6,-46.5]]]]}}]}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/coverage/layers/{name}":{"get":{"tags":["Coverage"],"summary":"Get a coverage layer as geojson","description":"Return a PVGIS' coverage layer as GeoJSON.","operationId":"get-coverage-layer","parameters":[{"name":"name","in":"path","required":true,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/CoverageLayers"}}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"✅ **Successful execution**. The response contains the available coverage layers.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/CoverageLayerGeoJSONResponseModel","type":"object","additionalProperties":{"type":"object","properties":{"type":{"type":"string","example":"FeatureCollection"},"features":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"id":{"type":"string"},"type":{"type":"string","example":"Feature"},"properties":{"type":"object"},"geometry":{"type":"object","properties":{"type":{"type":"string","example":"MultiPolygon"},"coordinates":{"type":"array"}}}}}}}}},"example":{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"id":"0","type":"Feature","properties":{"fid":1},"geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[50.6,-46.5],[50.6,-46.52502],[50.5956,-46.52891],[50.58113,-46.53948],[50.57863,-46.54115],[50.56243,-46.55094],[50.54493,-46.55961],[50.5263,-46.56709],[50.50671,-46.57331],[50.48635,-46.5782],[50.4654,-46.58173],[50.44405,-46.58386],[50.4225,-46.58457],[50.41833,-46.58457],[50.39679,-46.58386],[50.37544,-46.58173],[50.35448,-46.5782],[50.33412,-46.57331],[50.32323,-46.56985],[50.30489,-46.56534],[50.28497,-46.55886],[50.26606,-46.55107],[50.24836,-46.54204],[50.23203,-46.53186],[50.21723,-46.52062],[50.2041,-46.50844],[50.19277,-46.49543],[50.19061,-46.49228],[50.18827,-46.48946],[50.17955,-46.47618],[50.17269,-46.46238],[50.16774,-46.44819],[50.16623,-46.44087],[50.16517,-46.43652],[50.16495,-46.43594],[50.16156,-46.42055],[50.16042,-46.405],[50.16042,-46.40167],[50.1615,-46.38648],[50.16474,-46.37144],[50.17009,-46.35669],[50.17752,-46.34237],[50.18694,-46.32861],[50.19827,-46.31556],[50.2114,-46.30333],[50.21225,-46.30268],[50.21026,-46.30248],[50.18923,-46.29891],[50.16879,-46.29395],[50.14914,-46.28765],[50.13045,-46.28007],[50.11607,-46.27287],[50.10099,-46.26842],[50.09849,-46.26759],[50.08102,-46.2611],[50.06444,-46.25358],[50.06277,-46.25275],[50.04303,-46.24167],[50.02523,-46.22912],[50.02497,-46.2289],[50.0194,-46.22497],[50.01431,-46.22046],[50.00774,-46.21583],[49.9921,-46.20196],[49.99122,-46.20108],[49.98378,-46.19448],[49.98294,-46.19365],[49.97098,-46.18031],[49.96101,-46.1662],[49.9595,-46.16335],[49.95918,-46.16289],[49.95701,-46.15869],[49.95316,-46.15146],[49.95285,-46.15064],[49.95176,-46.14852],[49.9464,-46.1337],[49.94317,-46.11859],[49.94311,-46.11778],[49.9415,-46.11026],[49.94042,-46.095],[50.62376,-46.5],[50.6,-46.5]]]]}}]}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/coverage/location-within-selected-source":{"get":{"tags":["Coverage"],"summary":"Get if a coordinate pair is within the given irradiance source coverage","description":"Get if a coordinate pair is within the given irradiance source coverage.","operationId":"get-location-within-selected-source","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"Successful Response","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/LocationWithinCoverageResponseModel"}}}},"422":{"description":"Validation Error","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"}}}}}}},"/coverage/available-sources-in-selected-location":{"get":{"tags":["Coverage"],"summary":"Get the available irradiance sources for a specific location","description":"Get the available irradiance sources for a specific location.","operationId":"get-available-sources-based-on-location","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"✅ **Successful execution**. The response contains the available irradiance sources.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AvailableIrradianceSourcesResponseModel","type":"object","properties":{"irradiance_sources":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"irradiance_sources":["SARAH-3","ERA5","CLEAR-SKY [Hofierka et al. (2002)]"]}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/performance/broadband":{"get":{"tags":["Performance"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic performance analysis","description":"Analyse the photovoltaic performance for a solar surface, various technologies, free-standing or building-integrated, at a specific location and a given period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"get-photovoltaic-performance-analysis","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"installation_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1000,"minimum":0,"title":"Installation height","description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation.","default":0},"description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation."},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":360,"minimum":0,"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":180,"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":0,"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":45,"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"linke_turbidity_factor_series","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":8,"minimum":0,"description":"Linke turbidity factor","default":2,"title":"Linke Turbidity Factor Series"},"description":"Linke turbidity factor"},{"name":"albedo","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Albedo value for the surface","default":0.2,"title":"Albedo"},"description":"Albedo value for the surface"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. 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Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45\r"},"Photovoltaic Power":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed,Altitude,Azimuth,Incidence\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Performance"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic performance analysis by providing a horizon profile file","description":"Analyse the photovoltaic performance for a solar surface, various technologies, free-standing or building-integrated, at a specific location and a given period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"post-photovoltaic-performance-analysis","requestBody":{"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-photovoltaic-performance-analysis"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The output depends on the selected analysis level and `verbose`.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicPerformanceModel"},"examples":{"Minimal":{"summary":"Minimal","value":{"statistics":{"yearly_average_energy":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_energy_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"yearly_average_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"start":"","end":"","count":0,"minimum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mean":{"value":0,"unit":""},"maximum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"sum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"percentile_25th":0,"median":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mode":{"value":0,"unit":""},"variance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"standard_deviation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"time_of_minimum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_minimum":0,"time_of_maximum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_maximum":0},"fingerprint":"","quick_response_code":"","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"parameter":""},"input_form_parameters":{"parameter":""}},"photovoltaic_performance":{"latitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"longitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"elevation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_orientation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_tilt":{"value":0,"unit":""},"start_time":"","end_time":"","frequency":"","energy":{"value":0,"unit":""},"technology":"","peak_power":0,"mount_type":""}}},"Simple":{"summary":"Simple","value":{"statistics":{"yearly_average_energy":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_energy_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"yearly_average_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"start":"","end":"","count":0,"minimum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mean":{"value":0,"unit":""},"maximum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"sum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"percentile_25th":0,"median":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mode":{"value":0,"unit":""},"variance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"standard_deviation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"time_of_minimum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_minimum":0,"time_of_maximum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_maximum":0},"fingerprint":"","quick_response_code":"","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"parameter":""},"input_form_parameters":{"parameter":""}},"photovoltaic_performance":{"latitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"longitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"elevation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_orientation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_tilt":{"value":0,"unit":""},"start_time":"","end_time":"","frequency":"","energy":{"value":0,"unit":""},"technology":"","peak_power":0,"mount_type":"","total_in_plane_irradiance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"total_effect":{"value":0,"unit":""},"spectral_effect_percentage":0,"reflectivity_effect_percentage":0,"temperature_and_low_irradiance_effect_percentage":0,"system_efficiency_effect_percentage":0,"effect_percentage":0}}},"Advanced":{"summary":"Advanced","value":{"statistics":{"yearly_average_energy":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_energy_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"yearly_average_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity":{"value":[],"unit":""},"monthly_global_inclined_irradiance_before_reflectivity_summary":{"value":[],"unit":""},"start":"","end":"","count":0,"minimum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mean":{"value":0,"unit":""},"maximum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"sum":{"value":0,"unit":""},"percentile_25th":0,"median":{"value":0,"unit":""},"mode":{"value":0,"unit":""},"variance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"standard_deviation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"time_of_minimum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_minimum":0,"time_of_maximum":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","index_of_maximum":0},"fingerprint":"","quick_response_code":"","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"parameter":""},"input_form_parameters":{"parameter":""}},"photovoltaic_performance":{"latitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"longitude":{"value":0,"unit":""},"elevation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_orientation":{"value":0,"unit":""},"surface_tilt":{"value":0,"unit":""},"start_time":"","end_time":"","frequency":"","energy":{"value":0,"unit":""},"technology":"","peak_power":0,"mount_type":"","total_in_plane_irradiance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"total_effect":{"value":0,"unit":""},"spectral_effect_percentage":0,"reflectivity_effect_percentage":0,"temperature_and_low_irradiance_effect_percentage":0,"system_efficiency_effect_percentage":0,"effect_percentage":0,"global_in_plane_irradiance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"effective_irradiance":{"value":0,"unit":""},"total_power_without_loss":{"value":0,"unit":""},"total_effect_power":{"value":0,"unit":""}}}},"Photovoltaic 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example is available of PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file","description":"Quick response code image returned as PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file"},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file. Columns depend on the requested `verbose` level.","examples":{"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)","value":"Power\r\n468.56696\r\n595.2526\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45\r"},"Photovoltaic Power":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed,Altitude,Azimuth,Incidence\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/performance/broadband-multiple-surfaces":{"get":{"tags":["Performance"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic performance analysis for multiple surfaces","description":"Analyse the photovoltaic performance for a series of surface orientation and tilt angle pairs, various\ntechnologies, free-standing or building-integrated, at a specific location\nand a given period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"get-photovoltaic-performance-analysis-multiple-surfaces","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"installation_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1000,"minimum":0,"title":"Installation height","description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation.","default":0},"description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation."},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":[180.0],"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":[45.0],"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"albedo","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Albedo value for the surface","default":0.2,"title":"Albedo"},"description":"Albedo value for the surface"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered."},{"name":"shading_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ShadingModel","description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question","default":"PVGIS"},"description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question"},{"name":"photovoltaic_module","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModuleModel","description":"Si Photovoltaic module technology and mount type","default":"cSi:Free standing 2025"},"description":"Si Photovoltaic module technology and mount type"},{"name":"photovoltaic_module_type","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModuleType","description":"Photovoltaic module type","default":"Mono-Facial"},"description":"Photovoltaic module type"},{"name":"bifacialy_factor","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side","default":0.7,"title":"Bifacialy Factor"},"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side"},{"name":"module_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":0.0,"description":"Module height in meters","default":1,"title":"Module Height"},"description":"Module height in meters"},{"name":"module_length","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":1,"description":"Module length in meters","default":2,"title":"Module Length"},"description":"Module length in meters"},{"name":"system_efficiency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1,"minimum":0,"description":"％ System Efficiency","default":0.86,"title":"System Efficiency"},"description":"％ System Efficiency"},{"name":"power_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModulePerformanceModel","description":"𝑓() Photovoltaic Power model","default":"Huld 2011"},"description":"𝑓() Photovoltaic Power model"},{"name":"peak-power","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"⌁ Peak power in kWp","default":[1.0],"title":"Peak-Power"},"description":"⌁ Peak power in kWp"},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"analysis","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AnalysisLevel","description":"🖩 Analysis of performance. Will force detailed calculations internally (`verbose>=9` and `quiet=True`) and report along with basic Information for location, surface position, photovoltaic cell technology, peak power and mount type, the requested level of details, i.e. `Minimal` reports : Energy, `Simple` reports in addition Total in Plane Irradiance and Total Effect, `Advanced` reports in addition in-between figures for the gain/loss due to various effects and `Extended` will report in addition almost all intermediate quantities.","default":"Simple"},"description":"🖩 Analysis of performance. Will force detailed calculations internally (`verbose>=9` and `quiet=True`) and report along with basic Information for location, surface position, photovoltaic cell technology, peak power and mount type, the requested level of details, i.e. `Minimal` reports : Energy, `Simple` reports in addition Total in Plane Irradiance and Total Effect, `Advanced` reports in addition in-between figures for the gain/loss due to various effects and `Extended` will report in addition almost all intermediate quantities."},{"name":"statistics","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Statistics","default":false,"title":"Statistics"},"description":"Statistics"},{"name":"groupby","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/GroupBy","description":"Group by","default":"None"},"description":"Group by"},{"name":"show_individual_surfaces","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Show results for the individual surfaces","default":false,"title":"Show Individual Surfaces"},"description":"Show results for the individual surfaces"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !","examples":[""],"title":"Csv"},"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !"},{"name":"verbose","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations.","default":0,"title":"Verbose"},"description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations."},{"name":"quiet","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🤫 Silence output, useful for timing the duration of processes or partial output","default":false,"title":"Quiet"},"description":"🤫 Silence output, useful for timing the duration of processes or partial output"},{"name":"fingerprint","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series","default":false,"title":"Fingerprint"},"description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series"},{"name":"quick_response_code","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/QuickResponseCode","description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance","default":"None"},"description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance"},{"name":"metadata","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation).","default":false,"title":"Metadata"},"description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation)."}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"Successful Response","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicPerformanceMultipleSurfacesModel"},"examples":{"Minimal Multiple Surfaces":{"summary":"Minimal Multiple 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It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"get-power-broadband","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"installation_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1000,"minimum":0,"title":"Installation height","description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation.","default":0},"description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation."},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":360,"minimum":0,"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":180,"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":0,"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":45,"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. 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Use a low number (e.g., 15) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo).","default":100,"title":"Number Of Sampling Points"},"description":"Number of sampling points used in the construction of the simplicial complex.  Use a low number (e.g., 15) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo)."},{"name":"iterations","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","minimum":1,"description":"Number of iterations used in the construction of the simplicial complex. Use a low number (e.g., 1) for faster but less accurate optimization results. 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If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Power"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic power by providing a horizon profile file","description":"Estimate the photovoltaic power for a solar surface over a time series or\nan arbitrarily aggregated energy production of a PV system connected to the\nelectricity grid (without battery storage) based on broadband solar\nirradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"post-power-broadband","requestBody":{"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-power-broadband"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. 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Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/power/broadband-multiple-surfaces":{"get":{"tags":["Power"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic power generated for multiple surfaces","description":"Calculate the total photovoltaic power/energy generated for a series of\nsurface orientation and tilt angle pairs, optionally for various\ntechnologies, free-standing or building-integrated, at a specific location\nand a given period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Open Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Optional algorithms for solar timing, positioning and the estimation of the solar incidence angle\n- Optionally Disable the atmospheric refraction for solar positioning\n- Optional power-rating models on top of optional module temperature models (pending integration of alternatives)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The function expects pairs of surface orientation\n  (`surface_orientation`) and tilt (`surface_tilt`) angles, that is the\n  number of requested orientation angles should equal the number of\n  requested tilt angles.\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"get-power-broadband-multiple-surfaces","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"installation_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1000,"minimum":0,"title":"Installation height","description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation.","default":0},"description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation."},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":[180.0],"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":[45.0],"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"linke_turbidity_factor_series","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":8,"minimum":0,"description":"Linke turbidity factor","default":2,"title":"Linke Turbidity Factor Series"},"description":"Linke turbidity factor"},{"name":"apply_atmospheric_refraction","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Apply atmospheric refraction correction","default":true,"title":"Apply Atmospheric Refraction"},"description":"Apply atmospheric refraction correction"},{"name":"refracted_solar_zenith","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","description":"Refracted solar zenith angle in decimal degrees°","default":90.833,"title":"Refracted Solar Zenith"},"description":"Refracted solar zenith angle in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"albedo","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Albedo value for the surface","default":0.2,"title":"Albedo"},"description":"Albedo value for the surface"},{"name":"apply_reflectivity_factor","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Reflectivity Effect as a function of the solar incidence angle","default":true,"title":"Apply Reflectivity Factor"},"description":"Reflectivity Effect as a function of the solar incidence angle"},{"name":"solar_position_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarPositionModel","description":"Algorithm for solar positioning","default":"NOAA"},"description":"Algorithm for solar positioning"},{"name":"solar_incidence_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarIncidenceModel","description":"Algorithm for solar incidence calculation","default":"Iqbal"},"description":"Algorithm for solar incidence calculation"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered."},{"name":"shading_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ShadingModel","description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question","default":"PVGIS"},"description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question"},{"name":"zero_negative_solar_incidence_angle","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Set negative solar incidence angle values to zero","default":true,"title":"Zero Negative Solar Incidence Angle"},"description":"Set negative solar incidence angle values to zero"},{"name":"solar_time_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarTimeModel","description":"Algorithm for solar time calculation","default":"Milne1921"},"description":"Algorithm for solar time calculation"},{"name":"solar_constant","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","description":"Solar 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type","default":"Mono-Facial"},"description":"Photovoltaic module type"},{"name":"bifacialy_factor","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side","default":0.7,"title":"Bifacialy Factor"},"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side"},{"name":"module_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":0.0,"description":"Module height in meters","default":1,"title":"Module Height"},"description":"Module height in meters"},{"name":"module_length","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":1,"description":"Module length in meters","default":2,"title":"Module Length"},"description":"Module length in meters"},{"name":"system_efficiency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1,"minimum":0,"description":"％ System Efficiency","default":0.86,"title":"System Efficiency"},"description":"％ System Efficiency"},{"name":"power_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModulePerformanceModel","description":"𝑓() Photovoltaic Power model","default":"Huld 2011"},"description":"𝑓() Photovoltaic Power model"},{"name":"peak-power","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"number"},"description":"⌁ Peak power in kWp","default":[1.0],"title":"Peak-Power"},"description":"⌁ Peak power in kWp"},{"name":"temperature_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ModuleTemperatureAlgorithm","description":"Power-rating model of the effect of temperature, low irradiance and optionally wind speed on the power output.","default":"Faiman"},"description":"Power-rating model of the effect of temperature, low irradiance and optionally wind speed on the power output."},{"name":"efficiency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"number","maximum":1,"minimum":0},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Efficiency value","title":"Efficiency"},"description":"Efficiency value"},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"statistics","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Statistics","default":false,"title":"Statistics"},"description":"Statistics"},{"name":"groupby","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/GroupBy","description":"Group by","default":"None"},"description":"Group by"},{"name":"show_individual_surfaces","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Show results for the individual surfaces","default":false,"title":"Show Individual Surfaces"},"description":"Show results for the individual surfaces"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. 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Will override other output options !"},{"name":"verbose","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations.","default":0,"title":"Verbose"},"description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations."},{"name":"quiet","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🤫 Silence output, useful for timing the duration of processes or partial output","default":false,"title":"Quiet"},"description":"🤫 Silence output, useful for timing the duration of processes or partial output"},{"name":"fingerprint","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series","default":false,"title":"Fingerprint"},"description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series"},{"name":"quick_response_code","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/QuickResponseCode","description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance","default":"None"},"description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The output results depends on the selected analysis level.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicPowerMultipleSurfacesModel"},"examples":{"Photovoltaic Power Multiple Surfaces (`verbose=0`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power Multiple Surfaces 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If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Power"],"summary":"Calculate the photovoltaic power generated for multiple surfaces by providing a horizon profile file","description":"Calculate the total photovoltaic power/energy generated for a series of\nsurface orientation and tilt angle pairs, optionally for various\ntechnologies, free-standing or building-integrated, at a specific location\nand a given period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Open Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Optional algorithms for solar timing, positioning and the estimation of the solar incidence angle\n- Optionally Disable the atmospheric refraction for solar positioning\n- Optional power-rating models on top of optional module temperature models (pending integration of alternatives)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Share a **QR-Code** with a summary of the analysis\n- **Fingerprint** your analysis\n- Document your analysis including all **input metadata**\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The function expects pairs of surface orientation\n  (`surface_orientation`) and tilt (`surface_tilt`) angles, that is the\n  number of requested orientation angles should equal the number of\n  requested tilt angles.\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"post-power-broadband-multiple-surfaces","requestBody":{"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-power-broadband-multiple-surfaces"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. 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2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45\r"},"Photovoltaic Power":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed,Altitude,Azimuth,Incidence\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/power/surface/optimisation":{"get":{"tags":["Power"],"summary":"Calculate the optimal surface position for a photovoltaic module","description":"Estimate the optimal positioning of a solar surface (Orientation, Tilt or Orientation & Tilt), optionally for various technologies, at a specific location and a period in time.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"get-optimal-surface-position","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"installation_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1000,"minimum":0,"title":"Installation height","description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation.","default":0},"description":"🏔 Installation height in meters. \nThis will be added to the DEM data \n([`SRTM`](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/instruments/srtm) \nand [`GTOPO30`](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30) \nmosaic) to get the actual elevation of the installation."},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":360,"minimum":0,"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":180,"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":0,"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":45,"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"linke_turbidity_factor_series","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":8,"minimum":0,"description":"Linke turbidity factor","default":2,"title":"Linke Turbidity Factor Series"},"description":"Linke turbidity factor"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered."},{"name":"shading_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ShadingModel","description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question","default":"PVGIS"},"description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question"},{"name":"photovoltaic_module","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModuleModel","description":"Si Photovoltaic module technology and mount type","default":"cSi:Free standing 2025"},"description":"Si Photovoltaic module technology and mount type"},{"name":"photovoltaic_module_type","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/PhotovoltaicModuleType","description":"Photovoltaic module type","default":"Mono-Facial"},"description":"Photovoltaic module type"},{"name":"bifacialy_factor","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":1.0,"minimum":0.0,"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side","default":0.7,"title":"Bifacialy Factor"},"description":"Bifaciality factor used as percentage of the total power of the rear side"},{"name":"module_height","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":0.0,"description":"Module height in meters","default":1,"title":"Module Height"},"description":"Module height in meters"},{"name":"module_length","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","minimum":1,"description":"Module length in meters","default":2,"title":"Module Length"},"description":"Module length in meters"},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !","examples":[""],"title":"Csv"},"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !"},{"name":"verbose","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations.","default":0,"title":"Verbose"},"description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations."},{"name":"fingerprint","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series","default":false,"title":"Fingerprint"},"description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series"},{"name":"quick_response_code","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/QuickResponseCode","description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance","default":"None"},"description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and performance"},{"name":"metadata","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation).","default":false,"title":"Metadata"},"description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation)."},{"name":"surface_position_optimisation_mode","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SurfacePositionOptimizerModeWithoutNone","description":"Surface position optimisation mode.","default":"Tilt"},"description":"Surface position optimisation mode."},{"name":"surface_position_optimisation_method","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SurfacePositionOptimizerMethod","description":"Surface position optimisation method.","default":"L-BFGS-B"},"description":"Surface position optimisation method."},{"name":"sampling_method_shgo","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SurfacePositionOptimizerMethodSHGOSamplingMethod","description":"Sampling method for optimiser SHGO","default":"sobol"},"description":"Sampling method for optimiser SHGO"},{"name":"number_of_sampling_points","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","maximum":2000,"minimum":15,"description":"Number of sampling points used in the construction of the simplicial complex.  Use a low number (e.g., 15) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo).","default":100,"title":"Number Of Sampling Points"},"description":"Number of sampling points used in the construction of the simplicial complex.  Use a low number (e.g., 15) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo)."},{"name":"iterations","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","minimum":1,"description":"Number of iterations used in the construction of the simplicial complex. Use a low number (e.g., 1) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo).","default":20,"title":"Iterations"},"description":"Number of iterations used in the construction of the simplicial complex. Use a low number (e.g., 1) for faster but less accurate optimization results. For more information read [here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-1.15.0/reference/generated/scipy.optimize.shgo.html#scipy.optimize.shgo)."}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The optimal surface position for a photovoltaic module.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/OptimizedSurfacePositionModel"},"examples":{"Optimized Surface Position":{"summary":"Optimized Surface Position","value":{"fingerprint":"","quick_response_code":"","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"parameter":""},"input_form_parameters":{"parameter":""}},"optimal_surface_position":{"surface_orientation":180,"surface_tilt":45}}}}},"image/png":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"example":"No example is available of PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file","description":"Quick response code image returned as PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file"},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file. Columns depend on the requested `verbose` level.","examples":{"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)","value":"Power\r\n468.56696\r\n595.2526\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45\r"},"Photovoltaic Power":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed,Altitude,Azimuth,Incidence\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Power"],"summary":"Calculate the optimal surface position for a photovoltaic module by providing a horizon profile file","description":"Estimate the optimal positioning of a solar surface (Orientation, Tilt or Orientation & Tilt), optionally for various technologies, at a specific location and a period in time.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Get from simple to detailed output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n- Input time series are read from the configured datasets. When both\n  `start_time` and `end_time` are set, the series keeps the dataset\n  frequency even if `frequency` is set.\n\n## Algorithms & Models\n\n- Solar radiation model by Hofierka, 2002\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Solar positioning based on NOAA's solar geometry equations\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n\n## Input data\n\nThis function consumes internally :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and [ERA5 Reanalysis](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview).\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_","operationId":"post-optimal-surface-position","requestBody":{"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-optimal-surface-position"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The optimal surface position for a photovoltaic module.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/OptimizedSurfacePositionModel"},"examples":{"Optimized Surface Position":{"summary":"Optimized Surface Position","value":{"fingerprint":"","quick_response_code":"","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"parameter":""},"input_form_parameters":{"parameter":""}},"optimal_surface_position":{"surface_orientation":180,"surface_tilt":45}}}}},"image/png":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"example":"No example is available of PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file","description":"Quick response code image returned as PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file"},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file. Columns depend on the requested `verbose` level.","examples":{"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=0`)","value":"Power\r\n468.56696\r\n595.2526\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=1`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=2`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=3`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=4`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=5`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=6`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=7`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0\r"},"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power (`verbose=8`)","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45\r"},"Photovoltaic Power":{"summary":"Photovoltaic Power","value":"Power,Module Type,Technology,Peak Power,Peak Power Unit,Power model,Shading,Unit,Incidence algorithm,Azimuth Origin,Position Algorithm,Time Algorithm,Solar constant,Perigee,Eccentricity,In shade,Sun-Horizon Position,Power without Loss,Efficiency,System Efficiency,Effective Global Irradiance,Effective Direct Irradiance,Effective Diffuse Irradiance,Effective Ground Reflected Irradiance,Spectral Effect,Spectral Effect Percentage,Spectral factor,Global Inclined Irradiance,Direct Inclined Irradiance,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance,Global Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Direct Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Before Reflectivity,Global Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Diffuse Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Ground Reflected Inclined Irradiance Reflectivity Effect,Direct Horizontal Irradiance,Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance,Temperature,Wind Speed,Altitude,Azimuth,Incidence\r\n468.56696,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,544.8453,0.915069,0.86,601.6246,180.85965,402.57626,18.188671,0.0,0.0,1.0,544.8453,164.80295,364.56702,15.475274,595.4144,180.09894,398.40387,16.911592,-4.9331055,,,,178.0,443.0,22.13,0.35,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r\n595.2526,Mono-Facial,cSi:Free standing,1.0,kWp,Huld 2011,PVGIS,degrees,Iqbal,North,NOAA,NOAA,1360.8,0.048869,0.03344,False,,692.15424,0.89636177,0.86,779.35474,481.23126,275.74646,22.377043,0.0,0.0,1.0,692.15424,428.89777,244.60686,18.649601,772.18176,478.48734,272.88855,20.805885,-5.601837,,,,485.0,279.0,22.3,0.45,0.0,0.0,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Plane\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/reference/citation":{"get":{"tags":["Reference"],"summary":"Get citation text in BibTeX format","description":"Get citation text in `BibTeX` format.","operationId":"get-citation-text","responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The citation text in `BibTeX` format.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"properties":{"title":{"type":"string"},"subtitle":{"type":"string"},"version":{"type":"string"},"tags":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"},"contact":{"properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"address":{"properties":{"line1":{"type":"string"},"line2":{"type":"string"},"country":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"}},"type":"object"},"description":{"type":"string"},"features":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"},"components":{"items":{"properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"support":{"properties":{"community_forum":{"type":"string"},"faq":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"links":{"properties":{"PVGIS":{"type":"string"},"PVGIS Web Application":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"badges":{"items":{"properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"type":"array"}},"type":"object"},"example":{"title":"PVGIS","subtitle":"Photovoltaic Geographic Information System","version":"0.8.9.dev726+geaff722f2.d20251015","tags":["PVGIS","Overview"],"contact":{"name":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre","email":"JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu","address":{"line1":"via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450","line2":"I-21027 Ispra (VA)","country":"Italy"}},"description":"PVGIS is an open web application of the European Commission, developed and maintained by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) for over two decades by the Energy Efficiency and Renewables Unit (Ispra) of the Energy, Transport and Climate directorate.","features":["Various technologies: Grid-connected, Stand-alone","Reproducible calculations","Shareable results via QR-Code","Time Series: PV Performance, Solar Radiation, Temperature, Wind Speed, Meteorological data","Coverage: Europe, Africa, Asia, America, Regional maps","Supported by the European Commission, cost-free and open access","Languages: English, French, German, Spanish, Italian"],"components":[{"name":"Web API","description":"Entry level guide to get up and running quickly."},{"name":"CLI","description":"Collection of command line tools for interactive use."},{"name":"Python API","description":"For advanced users and programmers with examples and source code documentation."},{"name":"Development","description":"Contribution guidelines, adding new features, and testing."}],"support":{"community_forum":"https://example.com/support/forum","faq":"https://example.com/support/faq"},"links":{"PVGIS":"https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis_en","PVGIS Web Application":"https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/"},"badges":[{"name":"pipeline status","url":"https://gitlab.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jrc-projects/pvgis/pvgis-be-prototype/badges/mkdocs/pipeline.svg"},{"name":"coverage report","url":"https://gitlab.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jrc-projects/pvgis/pvgis-be-prototype/badges/mkdocs/coverage.svg"},{"name":"latest release","url":"https://gitlab.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jrc-projects/pvgis/pvgis-be-prototype/-/badges/release.svg"}]}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/reference/publications":{"get":{"tags":["Reference"],"summary":"Get the publications in the PVGIS Web API in `BibTeX` format.","operationId":"get-publications","responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The publications in the PVGIS Web API in `BibTeX` format.","content":{"application/x-bibtex":{"schema":{"type":"string"},"example":"@article{Kasten1996,\n    doi = {10.1016/0038-092x(95)00114-7},\n    year = 1996,\n    publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},\n    volume = {56},\n    number = {3},\n    pages = {239--244},\n    author = {F. Kasten},\n    title = {The linke turbidity factor based on improved values of the integral Rayleigh optical thickness},\n    journal = {Solar Energy}\n}"}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/reference/conventions-in-pvgis":{"get":{"tags":["Reference"],"summary":"Get the conventions in the PVGIS Web API in `JSON` format, i.e. a concise summary of the conventions.","description":"Get the conventions in the PVGIS Web API in `JSON` format, i.e. a concise summary of the conventions.","operationId":"get-conventions-in-pvgis","responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The conventions in the PVGIS Web API.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"properties":{"conventions":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"example":{"conventions":"The conventions in the PVGIS Web API."}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/reference/license":{"get":{"tags":["Reference"],"summary":"Get the license of the PVGIS Web API in `JSON-LD` format.","description":"Get the license of the PVGIS Web API in `JSON-LD` format.","operationId":"get-license","responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The license of the PVGIS Web API.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"items":{"type":"object"},"type":"array"},"example":[{"@id":"http://data.europa.eu/w21/17a64c46-89ed-4404-bdcb-1c825c18d37b","@type":["http://purl.org/dc/terms/LicenseDocument"],"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label":[{"@value":"European Union Public Licence, Version 1.2 (EUPL)","@language":"en"}],"http://joinup.eu/licence/deprecated":[{"@value":false}],"http://purl.org/dc/terms/description":[{"@value":"\nOfficial Licence of the European Union (EC Decision, part of European law). The licence is interoperable (no restrictions on linking in order to facilitate the integration of multiple components), reciprocal (third parties distributing improvements or derivatives must publish and provide back the modified source code), share alike and compatible: no global relicensing permitted, but the source code could be reused in other projects under \"similar\" copyleft or weakly (moderately) copyleft licenses GPL/AGPL, EPL, LGPL, MPL, OSL, CeCILL, LiLiQ. EUPL covers SaaS / network distribution. EUPL covers \"the Work\" (software and ancillary data). Original in 23 EU languages. Replaces EUPL-1.1 for works \"Licensed under the EUPL\" without specifying licence version, or adding \"or later\". Applicable law and court: licensor seat in EU (or specific additional agreement), otherwise Belgium. Support from the Interoperable Europe Portal community. Free legal support provided.\n"}],"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs":[{"@id":"http://spdx.org/licenses/EUPL-1.2"}]}]}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/solar-position/overview":{"get":{"tags":["Solar-Position"],"summary":"Calculate the solar position time series","description":"Calculate the solar position parameters for a solar surface based on its orientation, tilt, and geographic location over a given time series.\nThe calculation incorporates user-specified solar position models (e.g., positioning algorithms) and a selected solar time model (e.g., solar timing algorithm).\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- While it is straightforward to report the solar position parameters for a\n series of solar position models (positioning algorithms), offering the\n option for multiple solar time models (timing algorithms), would mean to\n carefully craft the combinations for each solar time model and solar\n position models. Not impossible, yet something for expert users that would\n like to assess different combinations of algorithms to explore and assess\n solar position parameters.\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).","operationId":"get-solar-position-overview","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_orientation","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":360,"minimum":0,"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°","default":180,"title":"Surface Orientation"},"description":"↻ Surface orientation in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"surface_tilt","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":0,"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°","default":45,"title":"Surface Tilt"},"description":"∡ Surface tilt in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"apply_atmospheric_refraction","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Apply atmospheric refraction correction","default":true,"title":"Apply Atmospheric Refraction"},"description":"Apply atmospheric refraction correction"},{"name":"solar_position_models","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"array","items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarPositionModel"},"description":"Solar position model(s). Select multiple using **Ctrl** and 🖱️ **left click**.","default":["NOAA"],"title":"Solar Position Models"},"description":"Solar position model(s). Select multiple using **Ctrl** and 🖱️ **left click**."},{"name":"solar_incidence_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarIncidenceModel","description":"Algorithm for solar incidence calculation","default":"Iqbal"},"description":"Algorithm for solar incidence calculation"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered."},{"name":"shading_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ShadingModel","description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question","default":"PVGIS"},"description":"Model to calculate shading for the location in question"},{"name":"zero_negative_solar_incidence_angle","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Set negative solar incidence angle values to zero","default":true,"title":"Zero Negative Solar Incidence Angle"},"description":"Set negative solar incidence angle values to zero"},{"name":"solar_time_model","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarTimeModel","default":"Milne1921"}},{"name":"perigee_offset","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","description":"Perigee offset","default":0.048869,"title":"Perigee Offset"},"description":"Perigee offset"},{"name":"eccentricity_correction_factor","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","default":0.03344,"title":"Eccentricity Correction Factor"}},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !","examples":[""],"title":"Csv"},"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !"},{"name":"verbose","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations.","default":0,"title":"Verbose"},"description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations."},{"name":"fingerprint","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series","default":false,"title":"Fingerprint"},"description":"🆔 Fingerprint the Photovoltaic Power output time series"},{"name":"plot_solar_position_and_horizon","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Plot the solar position and horizon height","default":false,"title":"Plot Solar Position And Horizon"},"description":"Plot the solar position and horizon height"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The position overview for a photovoltaic module.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/SolarPositionOverviewResponseModel"},"examples":{"Solar Position Overview Results":{"summary":"Solar Position Overview Results","value":{"results":{"parameter":{"time_algorithm":"","declination":[],"hour_angle":[],"position_algorithm":"","zenith":[],"altitude":[],"azimuth":[],"azimuth Origin":"","surface_orientation":0,"surface_tilt":0,"incidence":[],"incidence_algorithm":"","Incidence angle":"","sun_horizon_positions":[],"sun_horizon_position":[],"horizon":[],"visible":[],"Shading":"","solar_events":[],"event":[],"event_time":[],"unit":"","fingerprint":""}}}}}},"application/zip":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"example":"ZIP archive containing one CSV per model (e.g., noaa.csv). 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The response is a downloadable file.","examples":{"Solar Position Overview":{"summary":"Solar Position Overview","value":"Time,Longitude,Latitude,Time Algorithm,Declination,Hour Angle,Position Algorithm,Zenith,Altitude,Azimuth,Azimuth Origin,Surface Orientation,Surface Tilt,Incidence,Incidence algorithm,Incidence angle,Sun-Horizon Position,Horizon,Visible,Shading,Event,Unit\r\n2014-01-01T00:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-3.0036774,NOAA,2.7289667,-1.1581703,0.3213954,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.036368534,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T01:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.741878,NOAA,2.6292448,-1.0584484,0.81920004,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.04816879,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T02:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.4800787,NOAA,2.4764845,-0.90568817,1.1580625,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.065646306,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T03:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.2182791,NOAA,2.301782,-0.7309855,1.4022789,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.06475081,False,PVGIS,,radians\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Solar-Position"],"summary":"Calculate the solar position time series by providing a horizon profile file","description":"Calculate the solar position parameters for a solar surface based on its orientation, tilt, and geographic location over a given time series.\nThe calculation incorporates user-specified solar position models (e.g., positioning algorithms) and a selected solar time model (e.g., solar timing algorithm).\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- While it is straightforward to report the solar position parameters for a\n series of solar position models (positioning algorithms), offering the\n option for multiple solar time models (timing algorithms), would mean to\n carefully craft the combinations for each solar time model and solar\n position models. Not impossible, yet something for expert users that would\n like to assess different combinations of algorithms to explore and assess\n solar position parameters.\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).","operationId":"post-solar-position-overview","requestBody":{"required":true,"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-solar-position-overview"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. 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The response is a downloadable file.","description":"Results as a ZIP archive when multiple solar position models are requested."},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file.","examples":{"Solar Position Overview":{"summary":"Solar Position Overview","value":"Time,Longitude,Latitude,Time Algorithm,Declination,Hour Angle,Position Algorithm,Zenith,Altitude,Azimuth,Azimuth Origin,Surface Orientation,Surface Tilt,Incidence,Incidence algorithm,Incidence angle,Sun-Horizon Position,Horizon,Visible,Shading,Event,Unit\r\n2014-01-01T00:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-3.0036774,NOAA,2.7289667,-1.1581703,0.3213954,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.036368534,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T01:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.741878,NOAA,2.6292448,-1.0584484,0.81920004,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.04816879,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T02:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.4800787,NOAA,2.4764845,-0.90568817,1.1580625,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.065646306,False,PVGIS,,radians\r\n2014-01-01T03:00:00.000000,0.79957026,0.150587,,-0.40244898,-2.2182791,NOAA,2.301782,-0.7309855,1.4022789,North,3.1415927,0.7853982,0.0,Iqbal,Sun-Vector-to-Surface-Normal,Below,0.06475081,False,PVGIS,,radians\r"}}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/features":{"get":{"tags":["Features"],"summary":"Get the features of the PVGIS Web API in `Markdown` format.","description":"Get the features of the PVGIS Web API in `Markdown` format.","operationId":"get-features","responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The features of the PVGIS Web API.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"properties":{"features":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"example":{"features":"\n# Overview of Features\n\nPVGIS 6\nis a public service in the domain of photovoltaic performance analysis.\nIt introduces a series of advanced features and improvement over its predecessor.\nBuilt with modern technologies and a user-centric design,\nPVGIS 6 enhances user experience and broadens the scope of functionality,\nmaking solar data more accessible.\nThis version is tailored to meet the needs of\nresearchers, developers, and prosumers,\noffering comprehensive tools for detailed solar analysis.\n\n# Algorithms & Models\n\n- Optional solar positioning and incidence angle algorithms -- Default is NOAA's solar geometry set of equations (**under review**)\n- Capability to disable atmospheric refraction for solar positioning.\n- Surface position optimization supported by SciPy\n- The same solar radiation model as in PVGIS 5.x (Hofierka, 2002), however based on tested calculations.\n- From simple to fully analytical output of photovoltaic performance (power/energy) figures\n- Reflectivity effect as a function of the solar incidence angle by Martin and Ruiz, 2005\n- Spectal mismatch effect by Huld, 2011 based on the reference year 2013\n- Photovoltaic efficiency coefficients by ESTI, C2, JRC, European Commission\n- Overall system efficiency pre-set to 0.86, in other words 14% of loss for material degradation, aging, etc.\n- Improved TMY engine, default is the ISO 15927-4 method as in PVGIS 5 and optionally the NREL and Sandia methods along with enhanced plots.\n\n# Components\n\n- Algorithmic repository based on Python and NumPy\n- Core Application Programming Interface (API) for advance programmatic work\n- Command Line Interface (CLI) through an expanded set of commands to support scripting, automation and exploratory research\n- Web API: Offers a robust Web API compliant with modern standards for integration with other applications and automated retrieval of relevant time series\n\n# Architecture & Development\n\n- Custom Data Classes\n- Duck Typing for interoperability between array computing backends (Work In-Progress)\n- Comprehensive logging framework for troubleshooting and development support.\n- Development Roadmap and Contribution Guidelines: Transparent development process with clear guidelines for contributors.\n\n# Documentation\n\n- API, CLI, and Web API Documentation: Detailed documentation supports all functionalities, ensuring ease of use and accessibility.\n- Rich metadata support for each calculation to support detailed documentation.\n\n# Technical features\n\nIn :\n\n- Arbitrary time series supported by [Pandas' DatetimeIndex](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html) \n- Valid time zone identifiers from [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones)\n- Precision control of numerical outputs, would you ever need it!\n\nProcess :\n\n- Optional algorithms for solar timing, positioning and the estimation of the solar incidence angle\n- Disable atmospheric refraction for solar positioning\n- Surface position optimisation supported by [SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/optimize.html)\n- Simpler power-rating model as well as module temperature model (**under review**)\n\nOutput Management\n\n- Verbose output control for quick summaries and analytical output in form of **JSON**, **CSV** and **Excel** (the latter **pending implementation**)\n- Built-in capability to generate visual plots directly in the command-line or to export as image file.\n- **Fingerprint** each output for verification and tracing, enhancing data integrity and reproducibility.\n- **QR Code** generation for easy sharing of results as an image or a Base64 string\n\n## **Important Notes**\n\n- The default time, if not given, regardless of the `frequency` is\n  `00:00:00`. It is then expected to get `0` incoming solar irradiance and\n  subsequently photovoltaic power/energy output.\n\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and\n  `frequency`, exactly three must be specified. If `frequency` is omitted,\n  the resulting timestamps (a Pandas `DatetimeIndex` object)\n  will have `periods` linearly spaced elements between `start_time` and\n  `end_time` (closed on both sides). Learn more about frequency strings at\n  [Offset aliases](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases).\n\n# Input data\n\nThe application can read any Xarray-supported data format.\nNotwithstanding, the default input data sources are :\n\n- time series data limited to the period **2014** - **2025**.\n- solar irradiance from the [SARAH3 climate records](https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V003) and ERA5 Reanalysis collection.\n- temperature and wind speed estimations from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus)\n- spectral effect factor time series (Huld, 2011) _for the reference year 2013_\n"}}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/topography/horizon-profile":{"get":{"tags":["Topography"],"summary":"Get the horizon profile over a location","description":"Retrieve horizon profile data for a specified geographic location. Uses built-in PVGIS horizon profile data or accepts a custom horizon profile string. Returns processed horizon profile data with azimuth angles and horizon heights. Supports `JSON`, `CSV`, or `PNG` image output formats.","operationId":"get-horizon-profile","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered.","default":"PVGIS","title":"Horizon Profile"},"description":"Digital horizon model or a series of heights that form a horizon profile. If the keyword `'PVGIS'` is provided then the default horizon PVGIS data will automatically be selected. Otherwise, provide a list of heights (e.g., `10, 20, 30, 80`) for directions starting from north. The software will infer azimuth angles automatically in a clockwise order. If None, 0 height in any direction is considered."},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"title":"Csv"}},{"name":"verbose","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"integer","description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations.","default":0,"title":"Verbose"},"description":"🗣 Verbosity level : 0 returns list of values only, higher levels reveal intermediate calculations."},{"name":"plot_horizon_profile","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Plot the horizon profile","default":false,"title":"Plot Horizon Profile"},"description":"Plot the horizon profile"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The response contains the horizon profile data.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/HorizonProfileResponseModel"},"examples":{"Horizon Profile":{"summary":"Horizon Profile","value":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0,"horizon_profile":{"azimuth":[],"horizon_height":[],"reference":""}}}}},"image/png":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"example":"No example is available of PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file","description":"Horizon profile plot returned as PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file"},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file.","example":"Azimuth [Radians],Horizon Height [Radians]\n0.0,0.12\n0.52,0.18\n...\n"}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}},"post":{"tags":["Topography"],"summary":"Get the horizon profile over a location by providing a file","description":"Retrieve horizon profile data by uploading a file containing horizon profile information. Accepts JSON or CSV format files (max `1MB`). The file is automatically parsed and validated. Returns processed horizon profile data for the specified geographic location. Supports `JSON`, `CSV`, or `PNG` image output formats.","operationId":"post-horizon-profile","requestBody":{"required":true,"content":{"multipart/form-data":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Body_post-horizon-profile"}}}},"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The response contains the horizon profile data.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/HorizonProfileResponseModel"},"examples":{"Horizon Profile":{"summary":"Horizon Profile","value":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0,"horizon_profile":{"azimuth":[],"horizon_height":[],"reference":""}}}}},"image/png":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"example":"No example is available of PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file","description":"Horizon profile plot returned as PNG graphics. The response is a downloadable file"},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file.","example":"Azimuth [Radians],Horizon Height [Radians]\n0.0,0.12\n0.52,0.18\n...\n"}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/topography/elevation":{"get":{"tags":["Topography"],"summary":"Get the elevation over a location","description":"Retrieve elevation data for a specified geographic location. Uses built-in elevation data from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) datasets (SRTM and GTOPO). Returns elevation in meters along with latitude and longitude coordinates. Supports `JSON` or `CSV` output formats.","operationId":"elevation","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"angle_output_units","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/AngleOutputUnit","description":"Output units for angles","default":"Radians"},"description":"Output units for angles"},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !","examples":[""],"title":"Csv"},"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !"}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. The response contains the elevation data.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/ElevationResponseModel"},"examples":{"Elevation":{"summary":"Elevation","value":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0,"elevation":0}}}},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Results in CSV file format. The response is a downloadable file.","example":"Latitude [Radians],Longitude [Radians],Elevation [m]\n0.8,0.15,214.0\n"}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/meteorological/typical-meteorological-year":{"get":{"tags":["Meteorological"],"summary":"Calculate the typical meteorological year","description":"Assemble a typical meteorological year (TMY) for a location.\n\nSelect typical months with a Finkelstein-Schafer **method** and a\n**weighting scheme**, then return the assembled year, the source year of\neach month, and monthly means.\n\n## Methods and weighting schemes\n\n- Default Finkelstein-Schafer method is `ISO-15927-4-ECDF`. It pairs with\n  `ISO-TMY` (default), `Sandia`, `NSRDB-TMY`, or a literature alias such as\n  `Pusat2015` from [Sun et al. (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.024).\n- `NSRDB-TMY` is the NSRDB TMY weight column in\n  [Wilcox & Marion (2008)](https://doi.org/10.2172/928611), Table 2-1.\n- `Sandia` is the Sandia TMY weighting scheme in\n  [Hall et al. (1978)](https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7013202).\n- `PVGIS-legacy-sorted` pairs with `PVGIS-legacy-ISO` or `PVGIS-legacy-PV`\n  ([Huld et al., 2018](https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9020053)) only.\n\n## Features\n\n- **JSON** (default): typical-year series, source years, and monthly means.\n  Optional fingerprint, metadata, and a Base64 QR code\n  (`quick_response_code=Base64`).\n- **CSV** time series when `csv` is set. This overrides the other formats.\n- **EnergyPlus weather (EPW)** file when `epw` is set. This overrides JSON,\n  plots, and the QR image.\n- **ZIP of PNG** statistic plots when `plot_statistic` is set. Plots are\n  rendered in worker processes.\n- QR **image** when `quick_response_code=Image`.\n\n## Important notes\n\n- The default period is 2014 through 2024. Month selection needs several\n  years of overlapping meteorological series.\n- `PVGIS-legacy-sorted` requires a period that starts and ends on 1 January.\n- EPW export uses hourly series and elevation from the DEM.","operationId":"typical-meteorological-year","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2024-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced)."},{"name":"timestamps","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`","examples":[""],"title":"Timestamps"},"description":"⏲ Specific comma-separated date-timestamp/s of data to extract from time series, ex. `2112-12-21`, `2112-12-21 12:21:21`, `2112-12-21 21:12:12`"},{"name":"timezone","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Timezone","description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List).","default":"UTC"},"description":"Timezone (ex. 'UTC') supported by [the IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). See [list of valid IANA time zone (TZ) identifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List)."},{"name":"irradiance_source","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/IrradianceSource","description":"Source of irradiance data","default":"SARAH-3"},"description":"Source of irradiance data"},{"name":"weighting_scheme","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/TypicalMeteorologicalYearWeightingScheme","description":"Weighting scheme for typical-month selection.\n\nWith `finkelstein_schafer_method=ISO-15927-4-ECDF`, the schemes are `ISO-TMY` (default; [ISO 15927-4:2005](https://www.iso.org/standard/41371.html)), `Sandia` ([Hall et al., 1978](https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7013202)), and `NSRDB-TMY` ([Wilcox & Marion, 2008](https://doi.org/10.2172/928611)). And also, other literature aliases follow the numbering in [Sun et al. (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.024), Table 1 and Table 2. The bracket label from that table follows each name: `AshraeIwec2001` ([18]); `Lund1995Pissimanis1988` ([24,32]); `Petrakis1996` ([33]); `AlAzri2016` ([34]); `Kalogirou2003` ([35]); `Zang2016` ([36]); `Skeiker20042009` ([37e39]); `Sawaqed2005` ([40]); `Jiang2010` ([41]); `Lu2004` ([42]); `Siurna1984` ([43]); `Yang2011Yang2007` ([44,45]); `Meyer2009` ([46]); `Xu2012` ([47]); `Cma2005` ([48]); `Petrakis1998` ([49]); `Pusat2015` ([50]).\n\nWith `finkelstein_schafer_method=PVGIS-legacy-sorted`, **only** `PVGIS-legacy-ISO` or `PVGIS-legacy-PV` are accepted ([Huld et al., 2018](https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9020053)).","default":"ISO-TMY"},"description":"Weighting scheme for typical-month selection.\n\nWith `finkelstein_schafer_method=ISO-15927-4-ECDF`, the schemes are `ISO-TMY` (default; [ISO 15927-4:2005](https://www.iso.org/standard/41371.html)), `Sandia` ([Hall et al., 1978](https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7013202)), and `NSRDB-TMY` ([Wilcox & Marion, 2008](https://doi.org/10.2172/928611)). And also, other literature aliases follow the numbering in [Sun et al. (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.024), Table 1 and Table 2. The bracket label from that table follows each name: `AshraeIwec2001` ([18]); `Lund1995Pissimanis1988` ([24,32]); `Petrakis1996` ([33]); `AlAzri2016` ([34]); `Kalogirou2003` ([35]); `Zang2016` ([36]); `Skeiker20042009` ([37e39]); `Sawaqed2005` ([40]); `Jiang2010` ([41]); `Lu2004` ([42]); `Siurna1984` ([43]); `Yang2011Yang2007` ([44,45]); `Meyer2009` ([46]); `Xu2012` ([47]); `Cma2005` ([48]); `Petrakis1998` ([49]); `Pusat2015` ([50]).\n\nWith `finkelstein_schafer_method=PVGIS-legacy-sorted`, **only** `PVGIS-legacy-ISO` or `PVGIS-legacy-PV` are accepted ([Huld et al., 2018](https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9020053))."},{"name":"finkelstein_schafer_method","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/FinkelsteinSchaferMethod","description":"Finkelstein-Schafer method used to select typical months.","default":"ISO-15927-4-ECDF"},"description":"Finkelstein-Schafer method used to select typical months."},{"name":"plot_statistic","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"array","items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/TypicalMeteorologicalYearPlotStatistic"}},{"type":"null"}],"description":"TMY and Finkelstein-Schafer plots to return as a ZIP of PNG files (tmy, ranked, weighted, all, …).","title":"Plot Statistic"},"description":"TMY and Finkelstein-Schafer plots to return as a ZIP of PNG files (tmy, ranked, weighted, all, …)."},{"name":"csv","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !","examples":[""],"title":"Csv"},"description":"CSV output filename. Will override other output options !"},{"name":"epw","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"EnergyPlus Weather (EPW) output filename. Overrides JSON, plots, and QR image. CSV still takes precedence if both are set.","examples":[""],"title":"Epw"},"description":"EnergyPlus Weather (EPW) output filename. Overrides JSON, plots, and QR image. CSV still takes precedence if both are set."},{"name":"fingerprint","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"🆔 Fingerprint the typical meteorological year time series","default":false,"title":"Fingerprint"},"description":"🆔 Fingerprint the typical meteorological year time series"},{"name":"quick_response_code","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/QuickResponseCode","description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and the typical meteorological year selection","default":"None"},"description":"𝍌 Quick-Response Code image (or a Base64 sequence) summarising inputs and the typical meteorological year selection"},{"name":"metadata","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation).","default":false,"title":"Metadata"},"description":"Include input metadata in the JSON response (request parameters and related documentation)."}],"responses":{"200":{"description":"**✅ Successful execution**. Typical meteorological year assembled from the selected method and weights.","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/TypicalMeteorologicalYearResponseModel"},"example":{"weighting_scheme":"ISO-TMY","finkelstein_schafer_method":"ISO-15927-4-ECDF","source_years":{"January":2016,"February":2018,"March":2017,"April":2019,"May":2015,"June":2020,"July":2016,"August":2018,"September":2017,"October":2019,"November":2015,"December":2020},"monthly_means":{"January":{"source_year":2016,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":3.91,"mean_relative_humidity":81.2,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":48.2,"mean_wind_velocity":1.8},"February":{"source_year":2018,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":5.22,"mean_relative_humidity":76.4,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":82.1,"mean_wind_velocity":2.1},"March":{"source_year":2017,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":8.92,"mean_relative_humidity":71.0,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":128.4,"mean_wind_velocity":2.0},"April":{"source_year":2019,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":12.99,"mean_relative_humidity":68.5,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":171.3,"mean_wind_velocity":1.9},"May":{"source_year":2015,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":15.18,"mean_relative_humidity":70.1,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":210.8,"mean_wind_velocity":1.7},"June":{"source_year":2020,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":20.14,"mean_relative_humidity":66.3,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":248.6,"mean_wind_velocity":1.6},"July":{"source_year":2016,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":20.5,"mean_relative_humidity":65.8,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":265.4,"mean_wind_velocity":1.5},"August":{"source_year":2018,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":19.33,"mean_relative_humidity":67.2,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":232.0,"mean_wind_velocity":1.5},"September":{"source_year":2017,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":17.84,"mean_relative_humidity":72.4,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":168.7,"mean_wind_velocity":1.6},"October":{"source_year":2019,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":14.37,"mean_relative_humidity":78.1,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":102.5,"mean_wind_velocity":1.7},"November":{"source_year":2015,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":9.73,"mean_relative_humidity":82.6,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":58.4,"mean_wind_velocity":1.8},"December":{"source_year":2020,"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":5.33,"mean_relative_humidity":84.0,"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":39.1,"mean_wind_velocity":1.9}},"typical_meteorological_year":{"mean_dry_bulb_temperature":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[2.1,1.8]},"mean_dew_point_temperature":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[0.4,0.2]},"mean_wind_velocity":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[1.6,1.5]},"mean_relative_humidity":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[83.1,84.0]},"mean_global_horizontal_irradiance":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[0.0,0.0]},"mean_direct_normal_irradiance":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[0.0,0.0]},"mean_surface_thermal_radiation_downwards":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[280.4,279.1]},"mean_surface_pressure":{"time":["2015-01-01 00:00:00","2015-01-01 01:00:00"],"values":[101325.0,101318.0]}},"fingerprint":"abc123def4567890","quick_response_code":"data:image/png;base64,...","metadata":{"input_query_parameters":{"longitude":"8.628","latitude":"45.812","start_time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","end_time":"2024-12-31T23:59:59","frequency":"Hourly","irradiance_source":"SARAH-3","weighting_scheme":"ISO-TMY","finkelstein_schafer_method":"ISO-15927-4-ECDF","fingerprint":"true","metadata":"true"}}}},"text/csv":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"csv"},"description":"Typical meteorological year time series in CSV format (time column plus one column per variable). The response is a downloadable file.","example":"Time,Mean Dry Bulb Temperature,Mean Dew Point Temperature,Mean Wind Velocity,Mean Relative Humidity,Mean Global Horizontal Irradiance,Mean Direct Normal Irradiance,Mean Surface Thermal Radiation Downwards,Mean Surface Pressure\n2015-01-01 00:00:00,2.123,0.4,1.6,83.1,0.0,0.0,280.4,101325.0\n2015-01-01 01:00:00,1.8,0.2,1.5,84.0,0.0,0.0,279.1,101318.0\n"},"text/plain":{"schema":{"type":"string"},"description":"Typical meteorological year as an EnergyPlus Weather (EPW) file. The response is a downloadable file. CSV still takes precedence if both csv and epw are set.","example":"LOCATION,PVGIS-TMY,Unknown,Unknown,PVGIS Typical Meteorological Year,000000,45.000000,8.000000,1.0,200.0\nDESIGN CONDITIONS,0\nTYPICAL/EXTREME PERIODS,0\nGROUND TEMPERATURES,0\nHOLIDAYS/DAYLIGHT SAVING,No,0,0,0\nCOMMENTS 1,1:2018,2:2016,3:2019,4:2020,5:2017,6:2015,7:2021,8:2014,9:2022,10:2018,11:2016,12:2019\nCOMMENTS 2,Irradiance Time Offset (h):0.0000\nDATA PERIODS,1,1,Data,Sunday, 1/ 1,12/31\n2014,1,1,1,60,B8B8E8B8?1A1A1A1?0?0?0?0B8B8?0?0?0?0?0?0?0?0,2.1,0.4,83,101325,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.6,999,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,99,99,9999,99999,9,999999999,999,0.999,999,99,999,999,99\n"},"application/zip":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"description":"ZIP archive of typical meteorological year and Finkelstein-Schafer PNG plots."},"image/png":{"schema":{"type":"string","format":"binary"},"description":"QR code image of the typical meteorological year selection."}}},"400":{"description":"**⚠️ Bad Request**. Something went wrong with your request.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Invalid parameters"}}}},"404":{"description":"**👻 Not Found**. The requested resource was not found.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Not Found"}}}},"422":{"description":"**🧮 Validation Error**. The input data did not meet the required format or constraints.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":[{"loc":["string",0],"msg":"string","type":"string"}]}}}},"429":{"description":"**🐢 Too Many Requests**. The rate limit has been exceeded.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"error":"Too Many Requests"}}}},"500":{"description":"**💥 Internal Server Error**. If the issue persists, send a [help ticket](https://code.europa.eu/pvgis/pvgis/-/work_items) or email [JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu](mailto:JRC-PVGIS@ec.europa.eu) and share the `request_id` (also returned as `X-Request-ID`) when reporting the issue.","content":{"application/json":{"example":{"detail":"Internal Server Error","request_id":"43b4c536-0a4f-4c92-ba34-06e66d0abccf"}}}}}}},"/meteorological/degree-days":{"get":{"tags":["Meteorological"],"summary":"Calculate the heating and cooling degree days","description":"Compute heating and/or cooling degree days for a given location and period.\n\n## Spatial Coverage\n\nView the coverage map using the [🗺️ Interactive Coverage Viewer](./coverage/map)\n\n## Features\n\n- Heating and/or cooling degree days in a **single call** by selecting the `mode`\n  parameter (`heating`, `cooling`, or `all`).\n- Flexible temporal aggregation via the `period` parameter:\n  daily, weekly (ISO week), monthly, or yearly degree days.\n- Arbitrary time series supported by\n  [Pandas' `DatetimeIndex`](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.html)\n  through the `timestamps` dependency.\n- Configurable base temperature (`heating_threshold`, `cooling_threshold`) and\n  cut-off (`heating_cutoff`, `cooling_cutoff`) in °C.\n- Output units selectable via `temperature_output_units` (`Celsius`, `Fahrenheit`, or `Kelvin`).\n- Results available as **JSON** (default) or as an in-memory **CSV** attachment\n  (`csv` query parameter).\n- Optional **fingerprint** of the results for reproducibility when\n  `fingerprint=true`.\n\n## Important Notes\n\n- Input temperature series and all thresholds/cut-offs are interpreted in Celsius;\n  conversion to the requested output unit happens only on the results.\n- When `period=weekly`, period labels follow\n  [ISO 8601 week date](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_week_date), e.g.\n  `2025-W01` may include dates from the previous calendar year.\n- Of the four parameters `start_time`, `end_time`, `periods`, and `frequency`,\n  exactly three must be specified; the timestamps dependency constructs a\n  consistent `DatetimeIndex` from them.\n- Degree days are computed from **daily mean temperature**, derived from the\n  original time series according to the requested `frequency`.\n\n## Input Data\n\nThis function consumes internally:\n\n- Temperature time series from [ERA5-Land](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview), and from [ERA5](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview) in coastal regions (internally called ERA5LandPlus),\n  limited to **2014**–**2025**.\n- Time zone handling based on the IANA Time Zone Database, as used elsewhere in\n  the web API.","operationId":"heating-and-cooling-degree-days","parameters":[{"name":"longitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":180,"minimum":-180,"title":"longitude","description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°","default":8.628},"description":"ϑ Longitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"latitude","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"type":"number","maximum":90,"minimum":-90,"title":"latitude","description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°","default":45.812},"description":"ϕ Latitude in decimal degrees°"},{"name":"start_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","title":"Start Time"},"description":"⏳ Start Timestamp. **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"end_time","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`.","default":"2014-12-31T23:59:59","title":"End Time"},"description":"⌛ End Timestamp **Attention**: if not given, the defaul time is `00:00:00`."},{"name":"frequency","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/Frequency","description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation.","default":"Hourly"},"description":"⏱ Frequency for the generation of timestamps given _either_ 1) a `start_time` and `end_time` _or_ 2) `start_time` plus `periods` _or 3) `end_time` plus the `periods`. See also relevant notes in Pandas documentation."},{"name":"periods","in":"query","required":false,"schema":{"anyOf":[{"type":"integer"},{"type":"null"}],"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. Can be used with _either_ `start_time` _or_ `end_time` plus the frequency, or then _both_ start _and_ end time which will generate automatically the frequency (linearly spaced).","title":"Periods"},"description":"⨉ Number of Periods to generate. 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